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INDUSTRY INSIGHT

Nailing the Discovery Phase

6 steps that will provide a guiding light to the design strategy

Have you ever gotten lost out in the mountains or desert and had to rely on the Northstar to guide you home? Me neither, although I have always been curious how I would fare if put in that position. I joke, but when the discovery phase is run correctly, it will provide the design team with their north star, a guiding light to the UX design strategy.

I’ll start by saying, document everything. You can talk to the client all you want, but if you want their attention, show them. Just like grade school math, we need to show the work.

Let’s get the obvious out of the way. Discovery is a preliminary phase in any design process that involves research. The term discovery is typically associated with UX projects, and the core problem should be at the top of the priority list. This allows you to frame the problem needing to be solved, and gather enough evidence and initial direction on what to do next. A common misconception, discovery does not involve testing, it is not the place to test out a theory.

When is it time for Discovery? When any unknowns surface, such as: When the team is not aligned on goals, new market opportunities, acquisitions or mergers, organizational problems, business pivot necessity, new organization / brand extension or a new strategy role out.

Personally, I love the double-diamond model when it comes to discovery. Developed by the UK Design Council, it covers both the Discovery and Definition portion of the discovery process. What I love about it is how the convergence arrows visually display when is the time to explore, and when is the time to unite as a team.

This very same model works for the development and delivery phase as well.

Let’s get into the process.

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"No great discovery was ever made
without a bold guess."

Isaac Newton \ English Mathematician

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Step 1 - Define Goals and Business Objectives: This typically happens early in the conversation, and the creative process should help guide the assessment. For the most part clients have a good idea of what their end goal is. It’s our job to lead them down the path of solution with a realistic execution plan. It starts with identifying the challenges you’re trying to solve because technical challenges are often related to product performance and understanding that at a higher level is key.

For instance, a client may be looking for more client connections and more leads. But in truth, they need higher quality leads, and less wasted time. It’s the design teams job to ask the right questions, which uncover the real problems. This is the start to getting to the heart of the solution.

In defining goals some use the acronym SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time), and it sure makes a lot of sense. This allows for the business objectives to be clear, with everyone on the same page, and a clear understanding of what will be necessary to achieve these goals.

Let’s stop for a moment, and discuss what the right questions are.

  • Where do you see the pain points within your customers journey?
  • What market obstacles have you identified?
  • What’s your current market strategy?
  • Do you feel like your brand mission is conveyed well to outside eyes?
  • What do you feel is working, and not working?
  • What is your average sale, and close rate?
  • What are you currently doing to generate business?
  • Who is your competition, and what are they doing?
  • How much business is existing customers?
  • What one thing keeps you up at night?
  • Who are you worried about becoming a competitor?
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Step 2 - User Research: The goal of user research is to gain a better understanding of who the users are, and how they’re affected by a particular problem. As well as what they hope, desire, and dream of when it comes to the market solution. With this, user personifications are born and they need to be shaped as diverse as possible, covering an A-Z spectrum of all user types. Age, geography, income, shopping habits, analytical vs. visual learners, and quantitative vs qualitative experiences.

Great user research includes both user persona’s, and a full demographic chart breakdown. They are great tools when you dive deeper into user experience and specific use cases. Understanding the challenges the users may face at market. Such as an older demo may have difficulty with a new app feature, while a younger demo may grasp it well. They’re only willing to give so much time and effort into learning a new task and it always circles back to the attention economy of today’s market. Time vs value, simple.

Step 3 - Industry Research: It’s important to understand the landscape of any business industry, the challenges they face, and the tech at hand for execution. For this, you need to submerge yourself as if you were the business owner leading the charge. Learn the in and outs of the industry, how it operates, how it ticks, and most importantly what the customers love and hate.

Along the journey, we capture screenshots and assorted material. It is then assembled into a deck, with call outs, notes and insight. We focus on pain points, the competition, areas of improvement, clunky execution, and most importantly, what is the industry doing right and wrong. We focus on the core offering, user flows, key demographics, competition, and predictable challenges ahead. Remember, you got to show the work.

Step 4 - Industry & Competitor Analysis: This is both a quantitative and qualitative look. Besides the hard data that makes up your competition, identifying their branding tools helps create opportunities to differentiate at market. For instance, you may identify that majority of the competition utilizes blue within their branding. From this you need to consider why that may be, and to start considering alternatives that will draw recognition away from the herd. The goals should never be replication, it should be an opportunity to expose what they are doing right, and what they are doing wrong, and innovating a better solution.

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Step 5 - Experience the Brand: Start with a full review of all content and marketing assets, and properly assess the toolbox from the start. This allows for the team to experience the brand in their terms, and to start to familiarize themselves with the design language needed to push forward. Be sure to read through all of the content, and start to identify the gaps and opportunities. Learn about the digital performance, such as: visits, generated leads, subscribers, conversion rates, email open and click rates, keyword rankings etc etc.This will help formulate the plan of what’s to come next.

Creating a different experience has become a huge differentiator, customer experience is the new marketing. Invest in the customer journey, and put the effort in to make it stand out. To truly understand this, you’ll need to put yourself in the shoes of the consumer. See things through their lens, this is how you are able to provide a fresh perspective for clients. This is why they hired you. Or me in this case.

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Once a full understanding has been gained of the top listed items, you’re now positioned for better decision making, and experience enhancement. This is the start of product differentiation, with marginal improvement. The ‘what would you do differently’ portion of the conversation. A well executed Software Requirements Specification (SRS) document that describes in depth what the software will do and how it’s expected to perform will help nail these parameters down. But research and discovery must take place first.

Step 6 - Presenting Solutions & Entering the Iterative Process: In my opinion, it’s best to present the discovery deck within the same tool you plan to present the design work. Some may utilize the pdf attachment, but I prefer to get clients into the InvisionApp as early as possible to gain familiarness. For this tool will be used heavily through out the design process and getting acquainted early is in best interest for all team members. With the Discovery deck is a summary of the findings and a game plan of what to focus on moving into the design phase. It’s important to review the design strategy in depth to be certain everyone is on the same page. For this summary is the guiding light for the design team to hit the ground running.

Early stages of the design work may require validation of the findings above. This is done with low fidelity visuals (function first, quick & dirty) and prototypes. Remember, it’s always easier to show them and allow them to experience it, then to simply tell them. The sole purpose of this exercise is to work out all of the kinks before the expensive development phase, or worse, after deployment. I invite you to read more about this phase in The Creative Process.

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This write up has taken the UX approach, but many of the variables are the exact same when approaching a branding project. You still need a full understanding of the targeted demographic, the competition, and what you would do differently at market if you were left to navigate the trail on your own. Take the time to thoroughly form a guiding light from the discovery process, without it you may be venturing out into darkness, and darkness can get expensive.

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In close, a quote from the great Marty Cagan.

“It doesn’t matter how good your development team is if they are not given something
worthwhile to build.”

There’s a little pressure for our design community.